We also use relative clauses to give more information about a person, thing or situation lord thompson, who is 76, has just retired. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. Our collection is growing every day with the help of many teachers. Clauses have two types, namely, main or independent clause and subordinate or dependent clause.
Placing the subject at the beginning of the participle clause. Relative clauses, inversion, causative, english grammar guide. Decide if the sentences need a subject or object pronoun. Relative clauses are complex sentences, and in the ielts examination writing complex sentences plays a very important role, and you also have the knowledge of using these complex sentences in the right places. Inversion is a way of reversing the usual or expected word order to bring emphasis to a sentence, to make it more negative, to make it stronger, more dramatic.
Defining and nondefining relative clauses intermediate. Relative clauses relative pronouns mixed relative pronouns 1 level. Welcome to esl printables, the website where english language teachers exchange resources. Relative clauses english grammar online free exercises. It is often used as a preparatory subject or object for a that clause. Dec 19, 2009 practice on the defining and nondefining relative clauses. The subordinate or dependent clause also have types. In a 2x2 factorial design looking at the types of relative clauses subject versus object extractions and the targets of. A collection of english esl worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about defining, relative, clauses. My neighborhood has a bookstore that the children love. Relative pronouns adjective relative clause examples.
However, sometimes a relative clause is so important that the main sentence will be difficult to understand or have no meaning without it. This type of relative clause merely provides extra information. Use a subject or object relative clause with who or which. Note that who is used to refer to people and which is used to refer to things. In the worksheet, students first need to decide whether the relative clause can be reduced or not, then make the necessary changes in the sentence to make it shorter. This grammar exercise tests your understanding of relative pronouns. Noun clauses as subject and object of sentence this is a worksheet for intermediate and advanced students who learn the structure of noun clauses. In both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object.
If plural, then the verb will be in the plural form. Combining sentences note how sentences are combined. Learn more about these constructions by watching the video. The letter thatwhich peter has sent to you is in the drawer. The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. Choose the correct relative pronoun who, whose, that, which, why, when or where. Conjunctions, on the other hand, merely connect two clauses. Relative pronouns relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. English esl defining relative clauses worksheets most.
When forming sentences with relative clauses, which pronoun to use partly depends on if the pronoun functions as the subject or object in the relative clause. The subordinator that does not carry meaning but serves as the marker of the subordinated content. I will give whoever gets the best mark a new calculator. In all other subject or object relative clauses, that is more common.
A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. Relative pronouns used in defining relative clauses. I created this video with the youtube video editor. Relative pronouns are words like who, which, that, whom and where. Ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to introduce a woman whom i greatly admire.
Relative clauses should be used after the noun they define. Defining relative clauses exercise 3 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. Having been trained for 2 years, he has become very skilful in the trade. A relative pronoun is a word like that or which or who, so a relative clause is a clause that begins with a relative pronoun. Esl english relative clauses quiz 4 relative pronouns. Subject and object relative clauses give extra information object about a noun in the main clause. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Try another exercise about defining relative clauses, both subject and object here. That can be used to refer to both people and things. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun.
Relative pronouns adjective clauses whose vs of which vs of whom subject exercises. A thatclause can be the subject or object of a verb. Defining clauses defining clauses specifydefine which personthinganimal is meant. That is much less usual than who as a subject except after superlatives and after. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns or relative adverbs. Defining clauses restrictive clauses a defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about. That cannot be used in nonidentifying relative clauses. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses. The clause, a comment, is set off with commas before and, if necessary, after the clause. Defining relative pronouns subject object possessive for people who that. Decide whether the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun or an object pronoun. English esl relative clauses worksheets most downloaded.
We can use relative clauses to join two english sentences, or to give more information about something. In grammar class, we are told to use whom to refer to object relative pronouns though it doesnt matter much nowadays. Relative pronouns can be the subjects of verbs in relative clauses. It shows that the action is done to the subject, not by the subject. Free printable pdf grammar worksheets, quizzes and games, from a to z, for eflesl teachers. A relative clause is an added part in a sentence that is used in relation to the main sentence. The apple which george lay on the table was put back into the basket.
Therefore, it is important for you to understand and use relative clauses accurately. Here the that clause that he wouldnt come is the object of the verb knew. Esl english relative clauses quiz 5 mixed relative. Thats the woman who bought my car subject thats the flat that i was looking for object. An introduction to relative clauses adjective clauses that use subject and object relative pronouns worksheet download. Subjectobject relative clauses practice esl worksheet. Esl english relative clauses quiz 5 mixed relative pronouns.
Relative clauses present and past participle forms e. Relative clauses academic assistance and tutoring centers. Relative pronouns subject object possessive for persons who whom, who whose for things which which of which, whose. English esl relative clauses worksheets most downloaded 223. Relative clauses 1 advanced advanced grammar exercises. The difference between who and whom english grammar.
A collection of english esl relative clauses worksheets for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about. That followed by a content clause can function as the subject of the main clause. Each of these types would consist of at least one subject and one. Subject verb agreement within the clause is determined by asking whether the antecedent of a subject relative pronoun is singular or plural. The relative pronouns in english grammar are who, whom, whose, which and that. Which and who usually sound more formal, but are often used in writing. Relative clauses function as subordinate or dependent clauses and therefore cannot stand alone as complete sentences. It is also called nonrestrictive, nonessential, or unnecessary clause.
Subject preference in the processing of relative clauses. Relative pronouns are subordinating conjunctions that introduce adjective, or relative, clauses. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. Defining relative clauses also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses give detailed information defining a general term or expression. All relative clauses describe a noun, and they begin with one of these relative pronouns or relative adverbs. In the sentence the dragon who breathed blue fire has retired, who breathed blue fire is a relative clause. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called contact clauses. When the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted e xcept with whose and where.
Relative clauses and relative pronouns english grammar. In addition to performing the function of subordinator, relative pronouns also perform five syntactic functions. Say if the following pronouns are a subject pronoun of an object pronoun. The simplest english sentences have only a subject and a verb. Subjects and objects download this explanation in pdf here. In english, the subject is usually before the verb.
Turn left at the yellow house be opposite the petrol station. In object relative clauseswhom, can be used instead of who to convey a more formal tone. Remember that the defining clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by a commacommas. Drag and drop relative pronouns grammar exercise 2 drag the correct relative pronouns into the answer area. The information is essential in order to understand what or who is being referred to. What can also be used as a relative pronoun but only in the meaning the things that. Who, whom, whose and that are for people and animals and which, whose and that are for things. Understanding relative clauses a relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative adverb usually when, where, or why.
Exercise on relative clauses contact clauses subject pronouns or object pronouns. We cant drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative. If the defining relative clause were removed from the sentence, the sentence would still be gramatically correct, but its meaning would have changed significantly. The verb in adjective clause must be singular if the subject of the relative pronoun refers to a singular noun. Heres a worksheet on reduced relative clauses for you to check your students on reduced relative clauses.
Explanations and examples along with tests and exercises online to practise english pronouns. Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Esl english relative clauses quiz 4 relative pronouns esl printables grammar tests vocabulary training listening comprehension reading comprehension other esl tools english grammar online test. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. A relative clause is a phrase that adds information to a sentence. Relative pronouns and relative clauses learnenglish. Conjunctions can also be used to connect words and phrases.
Both that and which can be used in this relative clause and the pronoun can be left out because there is a subject. Complete the sentences with relative clauses in simple present. Relative pronouns have the same form when they refer to masculine, feminine, singular or plural nouns. I met a man who works for the new york city housing authority. That cannot be used as a relative pronoun in a nonrestrictive relative clause. Subjects in grammar, we use the word subject to talk about the pronoun, noun or noun phrase that does the action of verb. The sentence is meaningless without the relative clause. Page 1 of 4 participle phrases as reduced relative clauses. Subject and object relative clauses give extra information about a noun in the main clause. Note that a nonidentifying relative clause can be easily removed from the sentence.
They also act as the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause. Advanced choose the correct response to complete each relative clauses. Next weekend im going to glasgow, where my sister lives. To receive a band 7 for grammar you need to use a range of complex language effectively. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause is not a verb. Object relative clauses with prepositions follow the same rules as object relative clauses. The information may be quite interesting and important to the larger conversation, but it is not essential for precise identification of the noun. In subject relative clauseswho, is more commonly used to refer to people than that. We dont use that in nondefining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas imagine, tom is in a room with five girls.
Defining and nondefinining relative clauses exercises pdf. One larger sentence in which the clause he is innocent becomes the object of the verb know. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object. Learn how relative pronouns function as subjects and direct objects. The students have to complete sentences with relative pronouns. Subordinating a clause with that allows us to package information in the subject or object position and add comment in the other part of the clause. Detailed explanations of relative pronouns with examples and exercises who vs whom, which vs that. How can you determine whether a relative pronoun is the subject or object. Thats the woman who bought my car thats the flat that i was looking for. See a list of all the exercises about relative clauses here. Tips and suggestions for teaching relative clauses in english.
Johnson, who got the highest grade on the test, is happy. In some of the sentences, you can leave off the relative pronoun. In addition, relative clauses contain a subject and verb as well as an object or complement. Used for people as the object of a verb or preposition in an adjective clause whom is used in very formal english, more often in writing than in speaking. With this kind of relative clause, we use commas, to separate it from the rest of the sentence. May 02, 20 restrictive relative clauses are also called defining relative clauses. Relative clause exercise 1 2 advanced relative clause exercise 3 4 intermediate pdf exercises. Subject preference in the processing of relative clauses in chinese.
More natural than that he was not yet ready surprised me. When words like who, which and that are used to introduce relative clauses, they are often called relative pronouns. Relative clauses practice relative pronouns exercise 1 2 3 who vs which exercise 1 2 3 which or where exercise drag and drop exercises. Johnson is happy, he got the highest grade on the test. It shows that a clause forms part of a larger sentence. When a new subject is introduced in the adjective clause, the relative pronoun is the object of the adjective clause and can be omitted. I met rebecca in town yesterday, which was a nice surprise. Learn about english relative pronouns with lingolias online grammar rules and free interactive exercises. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb.
The relative pronoun that can refer to both people and things. Subject relative pronouns, object relative pronouns, final exercises. Join with relative pronouns english practice learn and. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. Read the grammar tips and try the interactive practice tasks below to improve your use of this essential band 7 complex language.